invention

Achieving a diversified and sustainable energy supply for future generations is one of the major challenges for today’s policy makers. Over the next twenty-five years, global energy demand is projected to grow by nearly 60 percent; more than two thirds of the increased demand will come from developing and transition countries. Energy demand will continue to be covered mainly by conventional fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, with over two thirds of the energy-related pollution increase coming from the developing world (IEA, 2005). Meanwhile, many estimates predict that oil and possibly natural gas production will plateau around the same time, casting doubt on future energy security.

The extensive and overused of conventional energy, which mainly relies on petroleum, fossil fuels, oil products, coal, natural gas and nuclear energy, triggered very serious damages to environment including nature, humans and animals etc. From smog hanging over cities to smoke inside the home, air pollution poses a major threat to health and climate. The combined effects of ambient and household air pollution cause about 7 million premature deaths every year, largely as a result of increased mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and acute respiratory infections.

More than 80% of people living in urban areas that monitor air pollution are exposed to air quality levels that exceed the WHO guideline level of 10µg/m3 . The major outdoor pollution sources include vehicles, power generation, building heating systems, agriculture/waste incineration and industry. In addition, more than 3 billion people worldwide rely on polluting technologies and fuels (including biomass, coal and kerosene) for household cooking, heating and lighting, releasing smoke into the home and leaching pollutants outdoors (World Health Organization). Hence, achieving a sustainable energy supply requires diversifying energy sources and changing the current dependence on non-renewable and polluting hydrocarbon fuels to more environmentally friendly resources.

For those reasons, there is growing transformation to alternative or renewable energy which depends on sustainable and environmentally friendly resources: solar energy , waterfalls energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, Living mass energy, difference in temperature in depths of the oceans and seas energy, waves energy and tidal movement Energy. And with the distinction of the operation mechanisms of benefiting from these sources, however, each of them has some negatives that do not detract from their importance, perhaps the most prominent of these negatives. is that direct connection of production to the source of movement that generates energy.